| Acide | Base conj. | Nom |
| H₃O⁺ | H₂O | hydronium / eau |
| H₂O | HO⁻ | eau / hydroxyde |
| CH₃COOH | CH₃COO⁻ | éthanoïque / éthanoate |
| NH₄⁺ | NH₃ | ammonium / ammoniac |
| CO₂,H₂O | HCO₃⁻ | dioxyde C / hydrogénocarbonate |
| HCO₃⁻ | CO₃²⁻ | hydrogénocarbonate / carbonate |
| Famille | Groupe | Rôle |
| acide carboxylique | −COOH | acide (cède H) |
| ion carboxylate | −COO⁻ | base conjuguée |
| amine | −NH₂ | base (capte H⁺) |
| ion ammonium | −NH₃⁺ | acide conjugué |
| log(10ⁿ) | = | n |
| log(a×b) | = | log a + log b |
| log(ab) | = | log a − log b |
| Dilution | [H₃O⁺] | pH |
| solution | 1,0×10⁻² | 2,0 |
| ×10 | 1,0×10⁻³ | 3,0 |
| ×100 | 1,0×10⁻⁴ | 4,0 |
| [H₃O⁺] | = | c⁰·10−pH |
| = | 1,0×10−7,4 |
| pH | = | −log[H₃O⁺] |
| = | −log(3,2×10⁻⁷) |
| [HO⁻] | = | 10⁻¹⁴6,3×10⁻⁵ |
| = | 1,6×10−10 mol·L⁻¹ |
| HCl+H₂O→ | n(HCl) | n(Cl⁻) | n(H₃O⁺) |
| initial | n₀ | 0 | 0 |
| en cours | n₀−x | x | x |
| final | 0 | n₀ | n₀ |
| [H₃O⁺] | = | n₀V |
| = | 5,2×10⁻⁴200×10⁻³ | |
| = | 2,6×10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹ |
| pH | = | −log(2,6×10⁻³) |
| = | −(0,41 − 3) | |
| = | 2,6 (< 7 ✓) |
| n | = | mM |
| = | 0,50040,0 | |
| = | 1,25×10⁻² mol -> c | |
| = | 1,25×10⁻² mol·L⁻¹ |
| pH | = | 14 + log c |
| = | 14 + log(1,25×10⁻²) | |
| = | 12,1 (> 7 ✓) |